Effect of Torrefaction on the Physiochemical Properties of White Spruce Sawdust for Biofuel Production

Torrefaction pretreatment is a mild form of pyrolysis that has the potential to produce high-quality raw material for making biofuel serves as replacement coal in bioenergy industry. Microwave-assisted torrefaction was conducted on white spruce sawdust (WSS) at temperatures 200 °C, 250 and 300 °C retention times 5 min, 7 9 min an inert environment. The process produces solid carbon, commonly known biochar, condensable (torrefaction liquid (TL)) non-condensable gases. In this study, characteristics were investigated observe its effects thermal physiochemical properties pellets produced. During process, significant mass loss associated with decomposition hemicellulose observed. content drastically reduced approximately 1.8% cellulose by 10%, while lignin gained 35% severity increased. This led improvement higher heating value (HHV), hydrophobicity, bulk, particle density, pellet dimensional stability, density. However, tensile strength decreased Pellet critical indicator biomass expresses force required crush or damage pellet. Therefore, enhance pellets, introduction binder necessary. used additives different proportions during pelletization. addition binders sawdust) formulation increased torrefied WSS 50%. OH groups break down limited degree due dehydration. hinders formation H bonds, thereby increasing chances pretreated will become hydrophobic. SEM graphs showed demonstrated more firmly glued surfaces fewer pores spaces when set side pellets. thermogravimetric analysis slightly stability.